Unsupervised Transcription Of Piano Music - 1835 Words

Unsupervised Transcription of Piano Music MS Technical Paper Fei Xiang Mar.14, 2015 1. Motivation Audio signal processing has been a very active research area. Automatic piano music transcription, of all the tasks in this area, is an especially interesting and challenging one. There are many examples of how this technique can contribute to our life. For instance, in today’s music lessons and tests, we often rely on people’s hearing ability to judge whether a piano player performed well based on whether the notes played are accurate or not. The process requires man-power and is not always fair and accurate because people’s judgement is subjective. If a good automatic transcription system can be designed and implemented with high†¦show more content†¦To tackle this problem, source-separation techniques must be utilized. 2. Existing Approaches In this section, we will discuss what has been done in this area of unsupervised music transcription. Undoubtedly there are different aspects to this task. And different ways and techniques are used in attempt to solve this problem efficiently and accurately. In an effort to provide a clear picture of what has been done, we will categorize different approaches based on technique used. The classic starting point for the problem of unsupervised piano transcription where the test instrument is not seen during training, is a non-negative factorization of the acoustic signal’s spectrogram [1]. Most research work has been improving on this baseline in the one of the following two ways: better modeling of the discrete musical structure of the piece being transcribed [2,3] or by better adapting to the timbral properties of the source instrument [4,5]. Combining the above two approaches are difficult. Hidden Markov or semi-Markov models are widely used as the standard approach to model discrete musical structures. This approach needs fast dynamic programming for inference. To combine discrete models with timbral adaption and source separation, it would break the conditional independence assumptions that dynamic programming rely on. Previous research work to avoid this inference problem typically postpones detailed modeling the discrete structure of timbre

Maslow s Hierarchy Of Needs Theory - 953 Words

Merriam-Webster (n.d.) defines motivation as â€Å"the act or process of giving someone a reason for doing something.† In the XXXXX of a day, employee motivation is fueled by personal and contextual factors that impact engagement and performance. Both factors influence the employee, but do so based on the individual physiological or psychology need of the employee. Kinicki and Fugate (2012) introduces Abraham Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Theory as being originally based on research conducted on phobic individuals. PBS (n.d.) defines Maslow’s work as that which is contradictory to those before his, and is determined to understand a human’s positive mental state. Maslow argued that the human psyche is tiered, not unlike a step ladder and the†¦show more content†¦Maslow’s, McClelland’s, and Herzberg’s theories can fundamentally motivate an employee to either engage in a positive or negative manner. The needs of an individual can be general, resulting in job satisfaction and content, or all-consuming, resulting in unethical behavior or contentment. Understanding both Maslow’s and McClelland’s need theories this author is able to contextualize the chapter six opening case by stating that each of the four characters mentioned enjoy their jobs but wouldn’t mind some minor changes. The first, Lori Miller meets Maslow’s first three levels, but lingers on step four as she longs for relationships lost; Herzberg’s definition of zero midpoint as good hygiene factors have been reached, yet there is no job satisfaction due to the monotonous tasks of the day; and McClelland’s need for affiliation as there is a desire for the social environment. Elizabeth Gray and Frank Gastner, the second and third individuals seem to have also achieved the first three levels of Maslow’s Hierarchy and are desiring the respect of others in the way of equality and autonomy. With their stories enter Herzberg’s motivator-hygiene theory by displaying their job dissatisfaction due to poor administration a nd political working conditions, as well as McClelland’s need for power with their desire resolve issues without corporate politics and red tape. Finally, Monique Huston is

Essay about An Analysis Of Nature In The W - 606 Words

An Analysis of Nature in the works of Robert Frost When reading poetry by Robert Frost the theme of nature is strongly present and persistent. Robert Frost uses the world around him to create a mystic feeling to his writings, almost giving the reader a sense of nostalgia. The influence of nature in Frost’s works creates a palette to paint a picture filled with symbolism for the reader to interpret. The nature in the poems makes the poem an intimate piece in which most readers can identify with or imagine in some way because of the intense imagery used. In the analysis of Robert Frost’s The Road Not Taken, Nothing Gold Can Stay, and Stopping By The Woods On A Snowy Evening we can pick out specific examples to illustrate Frost’s overall†¦show more content†¦Nature’s first green is gold, Her hardest hue to hold. Her early leaf’s a flower; But only so an hour. Then leaf subsides to leaf. So Eden sank to grief, So dawn goes down to day. Nothing can stay. (p.810) The nature’s change from green to gold symbolizes how nothing can stay and live forever. Everything must come to an end. Nature is a constant reminder to humans of our limited time on this earth and Frost uses this fact to illustrate to the reader the power and beauty of our existence. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Frost uses nature in another interesting way in his writing. Nature becomes a potent way to give the reader intimacy into the speaker’s thoughts and choices. In the poem The Road Not Taken, we find an unrivaled use of imagery and symbolism representing the speakers choice’s about life. I shall be telling this with a sigh Somewhere ages and ages hence: Two roads diverged in a wood, and I— I took the one less traveled by, And that has made all the difference.(p.804) The speaker is torn between two choices in life but takes the harder choice and it has changed his or her life forever. Many people face this situation everyday and choose the easy way and never challenge themselves. What this poem’s imagery does for the reader is give them an example of this situation and how a difficult choice is sometimes best to be taken. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Nature is a revolving theme in Robert Frost’sShow MoreRelatedDrosophila Melanogaster Or Fruit Fly1292 Words   |  6 PagesQ1: Drosophila melanogaster or fruit fly in general terms, was one of the earliest organisms that were used for genetics analysis by scientists. The reasons behind the use of this species are due to its small size, short generation time and the ability of females to lay a lot of eggs. Since Drosophila melanogaster has been studied in 1900, this have brought a large contribution to genetic studies and particularly used as model organisms in the Human Genome Project. 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Conformity And How It Affects People Today - 2207 Words

In today’s society people are constantly shifting towards new beliefs and actions as opposed to sticking with what they are used to or comfortable with. We have revolutionized and constructed a set of boundaries and norms to which the citizens in our society must uphold to. My group decided to conduct experiments on conformity and how it affects people today. So, what exactly is conformity? Our book â€Å"Psychology Perspectives and Connections† defines conformity as the tendency of people to adjust their behavior to what others are doing or to adhere to the norms of their culture. To go along with conformity, social norms are rules about acceptable behavior imposed by the cultural context in which one lives. †¨A couple of weeks ago when the†¦show more content†¦This is just one of the few ways we often conform in our everyday lives.†¨If you think about it people conform all the time. In class Dr. Montesinos asked the class if we could imagine a worl d where nobody conformed. This idea intrigued me because while a world without conformity can be imagined, it is hard to imagine what would come of it in the long run. Carolyn spoke about how everything would be chaotic and nothing would be organized in the world. The human population would greatly be affected if there was no social code or there were no rules for anyone to follow. Conformity plays a crucial role to keeping our society in conditions that are suitable for living.†¨ Conformity can be broken down into two separate branches. Informational social influence and normative social influence. Informational social influences are conformity to the behavior of others because one views them as a source of knowledge about what one is supposed to do. Normative social influence conformity can be defined as conformity to the behavior of others in order to be accepted by them. A simple example of informational social influence would be if you walked by a large group of people looking up into the sky your first reaction would be to look up in the direction in which everyone else is. An example of normative social influence especially in today’s society would be consuming drugs or alcohol. Since people seem to be doing it at an earlier age in this

People - Organizations and Leadership Experience and Age

Question: Discuss about thePeople,Organizations and Leadership for Experience and Age. Answer: Case Study Analysis The Problem with the case study of Google is that in spite of legendary achievements the company tried to measure performance, satisfaction of the member and conflict as well as level of cohesion. In that view, the company invested millions of dollars for collecting data from 180 teams all through the company. The company also evaluated the beliefs, views and contributors of each team. Further, the problem is also because of dividing the team according to personality, experience, age, gender and education of the employee in the organization. The project also examined based on some assumption of popular wisdom. In the research conducted puzzles have been observed with an evaluation done by the identical makeup and overlapping membership, but with various level of effectiveness. Despite having the good and achievable performance, the company moved for creating a project with the aim of getting best and more satisfaction level for achieving the target of the company. Causes: While evaluating the project of the team performance the evaluator thought of slicing and dicing the team for observing the patterns which will be distinguishing the successful and unsuccessful team. Further, the evaluation was done by optimizing team profile by combining the characteristics of the team member. The evaluation also observed the various pattern like how frequently the members of a team were having the lunch together, with whom they were getting engaged in the free time, whether they were getting engaged with the office people or with the other outsider. There were various reasons, of then issues in the company. The case study also has a problem with the leadership style, team managers of the company. Moreover, the company has done an evaluation by demography of the company. The researcher has done an evaluation by some assumption. While evaluating a performance of the team assumptions should not be taken into consideration. Solutions: Performance can be evaluated by comparing and aligning the strategic business goal of the company. A visibility needs to be provided for clarifying the accountability of the expectation of the performance. A document needs to be present in a case of every employee for measuring the expectation and performance of the employees. The establishment needs to be by focusing on skill and improvement of the activity which has been chosen by the company. Further, it can be said that a support team needs to be present for taking care of the evaluation performance should be by each and every category of employee. It is suggested that fundamental strategies, indirect measurement and interval timers with cycle counters can be used for measuring the performance of the team. On overall the analysis of the case study it has been noticed that company has taken an inappropriate decision in the context of evaluating a performance of the team. The performance of the team should be evaluated through some statistical method and some tools for measuring the performance can be utilized for highlighting the team effectiveness in the organization. There is various process involved in measuring the performance of the team members in the company.

Choosing to Become a Scientist Essay Example For Students

Choosing to Become a Scientist Essay When I was young, I dreamed to become a scientist. So, when studying in high school , I choose my major including science subjects such as Math, Chemistry and Physics. Many young individuals think that I am very brave because it is too hard for a girl to be a scientist, especially in Asia. Until now, I never feel regret to choose this way. I chose University of Science to complete my goal. Unluckily, I failed my major that is Chemistry, so I was quite shocked a little time. However, I stood up by the support of my family, friends, continuing my path. I studied Physics which can be my last chance to make dream come true. In two first semester, I even try hard but my results are not good, even I failed a subject. Sometimes, I has been really exhausted for a while. I thought it is better for me to drop out of this university and begin again. This thought reminded me whenever I was tired. However, when starting my major in Physics, I was attracted to Applied Physics that allows me to study about optics devices, measuring wavelength and thin films technology. I seem to be confident and step by step studying by my efforts as well as my passionate. The moment when I met lecturers belonging from my major who have taught me a lot of base knowledge about thin films technology, which encourages me to go hard to achieve my goal. Moreover, I and my friends also learned many practice skills from these professional individuals, which allows us to be more mature and understanding. Thus, I was appreciated remarkably . When being a third-year student, I spent a lot of hours to study at home as well as online courses. Honestly, it is hard to study in English because it is a second language for me. I bent over backwards as much as possible to get certificates of passing grade. This has proven that I am strongly willing to study. Therefore, I mainly think it is my highest advantage. In addition, I am fascinated about reading books and looking for something new around. When semester begins, I plan my schedules reasonably in order to get best results. Additionally, I was keen on taking part in sport activities in university and then obtained a certificate , which proves me to be healthy. Now, I’m becoming a senior student. When times goes by, there are too many things that I want to do by my best. First, I have to complete my thin films thesis to graduate then take an IELTS exam, which contributes to my successful career. After graduating from university , I hope that I can study in higher education, looking for a scholarship in Master Degree in oversea. Or else even living in Vietnam, I will apply for a company whose requirements I can handle effectively and do all my best in studying to be a researcher as soon as possible.